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Information of selected women in the reproducive period about the possibilities of family planning, pregnancy and childbirth in the selected region
Sojáková, Kateřina ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The thesis deals with the issues of family planning, pregnancy and birth. The theoretical subsections focus on family planning, contraception, birth and puerperium. The practical part of the thesis is a survey that was carried out among the women in a specific region who have not yet given birth. The main goal of thesis was to determine the awareness of women in the reproductive period about the options of family planning, pregnancy and childbirth. The most common sources of information concerning reproduction were investigated, as well as the awareness of the types of contraception that can cause temporary inability to conceive after discontinuation. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate whether the female respondents are well informed about prenatal examinations, childbirth and the puerperium. The results of the practical part show that the women are sufficiently informed about reproductive issues. A total of 61,5 % of female respondents were able to correctly answer the questions regarding their knowledge. School, family and internet were listed as the essential information resources by the respondents. On the contrary, most women are unaware that some types of contraception can cause temporary inability to become pregnant. Most women too were not informed about the possibility of undergoing a...
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Epi-no (Aniball) balon as a preventiv of birth injuries.
VACKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor's thesis is focused on a prenatal preparation, specifically on how to prevent mother's injuries during childbirth after she used Epi-no (Aniball) during pregnancy. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is written in four chapters. The first chapter deals with all birth stages. The second chapter describes mother's birth injuries. The third chapter is focused on the episiotomy itself, and the fourth chapter discusses the prevention of mother´s birth injuries. The first goal of the thesis is to find out women's experiences with the use of Epi-no (Aniball) vaginal dilatation balloons. The second aim of the thesis is to find out the midwives' opinions on exercises with the Epi-no balloon (Aniball). Qualitative research is conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with respondents. Two research groups are identified. The first research group consists of postpartum women from the South Bohemian Region who were using vaginal dilatation balloons (VDB) during pregnancy. In the second research group are midwives who have practical experience with VDB. Due to the verbal nature of the research, the collected data were transcribed into printed form. Then the data were processed and analysed using the pencil and paper technique. In order to maintain anonymity, the mothers were randomly labelled as informants R1 to R10. Midwives were randomly identified as informants PA1 to PA6. As part of the coding of interviews with women, 1 main category and 5 subcategories were defined. By coding interviews with midwives, 1 main category and 2 subcategories were defined. Based on the stated goals of the work, two research questions are determined for the practical part. The first research question investigates what experience women have with the use of the Epi-no balloon (Aniball) in the prevention of birth injuries. The research is leadingto the conclusion that some mothers didn't know whether they were performing the exercises with the VDB correctly. On the other hand, the exercise with the balloon helped them to figure out what position is most comfortable for them when pushing the baby out and how to engage the abdominals when pushing. It also gave them self-confidence during childbirth. The second research question asked for midwives' opinions about the use of the Epi-no (Aniball) balloon. The research reveals that all midwives recommend using VBD as it is beneficial for mothers before giving birth. Most midwives mentioned the psychological effect of using VDB. By believing that pregnant women are prepared for the birth, they are more calm and relaxed in the delivery room. Midwives also reported the effect of exercise on shortening the II. delivery stage, and in some cases, they observed reduction of number and extent of birth injuries as well. The knowledge gained during the preparation of the bachelor's thesis can effectively help in prenatal preparation courses and can increase awareness of pregnant women about possible preparation for childbirth.
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Birth Plan at Birth
HOUŠKOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor thesis deals with the birth plan and its use during childbirth. It is divided into the theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is focuses on childbirth, birth periods, postpartum care, treatment of the newborn and caesarean section. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the birth plan, its writing and the various points that may occur in the birth plan. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was carried out using a qualitative research investigation in the form of a semi-structured interview. The interview consisted of twelve questions. The interviews were conducted with eight women who used a birth plan during labor. For this bachelor thesis were set three main goals. The first goal was to find out the reasons for writing a birth plan by mothers. The informants wanted the birth to go according to their wishes. During the writing process, they sorted out what was important to them. Reasons for this included a negative experience from a previous birth. The second goal was to point out compliance with the birth plan at birth. The research investigation revealed that the birth plan is usually followed. Three of the eight informants indicated that not all points of the birth plan had been followed. Five of the eight informants said that their birth plan had been followed. The third goal was to determine changes in the birth plan during labor. During childbirth, the informants from the research surevy changed their attitude towards the repture of the bladder pouch and the intake of painkillers. Informants gave birth in a different position than they originally intended. Informants also changed their birth plan because of birth complications, namely that bonding could not take place or they were not allowed to move freely during labor.
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Women's views on caesarean section
PUMPROVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor's thesis is dealing with women's opinions about Caesarean section. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is describing the course of vaginal delivery. We also focused on the description of the caesarean section. The next chapter deals with the midwife's care for a woman before and after caesarean section. We also processed the care of the scar after a caesarean section. Finally, we focused on the complications and consequences of a caesarean section. The practical part describes the research investigation. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to map the opinion of women on caesarean section. Two hypotheses were established. H1: Women prefer vaginal delivery rather than caesarean section. H2: Women think that caesarean section does not affect the health of the child. To achieve set goal, we chose a quantitative research survey using a questionnaire. 19 questions were used in the questionnaire - closed questions and 1 open question. 209 respondents participated and completed the survey. These were women active on social media. The questionnaire was designed for all women, regardless of age. Women who had experience with pregnancy and childbirth or even those who did not have this experience could respond. The study involved women who were or were not pregnant. Most respondents, 92 (44%), were aged 18-25. The most frequent response to completed education was a high school with a high school diploma. The questionnaires were evaluated using the chi square test. The significance level was determined to be 5%. In the research survey, 87.6% of women said that they would prefer vaginal delivery to caesarean section. According to a statistical survey, the p-value was less than 0.05, thus confirming hypothesis 1 "Women prefer vaginal delivery rather than caesarean section". Furthermore, hypothesis 2 was tested using the questions. 64.5% of women answered that they do not think that children after a caesarean section have worse immunity than children after a vaginal birth. Furthermore, 82.5% of women do not think that these children suffer from more allergies. 60.4% of women believe that caesarean section has no effect on breastfeeding. 53.5% stated that separation after a caesarean section does not affect the child's mental health. According to a statistical survey, the p-value was less than 0.05, which means that the second hypothesis was also confirmed. The findings of this thesis could be used in seminars for midwives or in antenatal courses.
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Satisfaction of women with the midwife's care during childbirth
LEBEDOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis focuses on the satisfaction of mothers with the midwifery care during childbirth. Two goals were set for the elaboration of the bachelor thesis. The first goal was to find out how mothers perceive the care of midwives during childbirth. The second goal was to record what factors are important for the satisfaction of mothers during childbirth. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with the description of childbirth and the care of the midwife during the various periods of childbirth. In this section we will also find a section on preparation for childbirth. The second chapter deals with the issue of pain during childbirth, discusses the pharmacological and non-pharmacological control of labour pain. The third chapter describes the issue of the presence of a close person in childbirth and the fourth chapter is devoted to the characteristics of a midwife. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, a qualitative research survey was used. The research group consisted of ten women after childbirth. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews. The interview was completely voluntary. All informants were acquainted with the topic of the bachelor's thesis before the start of the individual interviews and were also informed about the protection of personal data during the processing of interviews (GDPR). The informants were marked with numbers I1 to I10. The informants expressed their verbal consent to the processing of the obtained information, and at the same time they agreed to the recording of the interview on a dictaphone or a mobile phone, if the interview was conducted via a mobile phone, due to easier elaboration of interviews. During the data processing, the interviews from the Dictaphone or mobile phone were transcribed in detail. The research survey lasted from March to April 2020. The research was divided into two main categories and further divided into individual subcategories. In the research part of the work, two research questions were chosen. The first research question asked how mothers evaluate the care of midwives during childbirth. The results of the research showed that all informants were satisfied and evaluated the care of midwives during childbirth very positively. Only informant I1 stated that her midwife was great, but during the reception she was cared for by another midwife whose behaviour she did not like. She was reportedly noisy, forceful and uncomfortable. The second research question dealt with the satisfaction of mothers during childbirth. Research has shown that maternal satisfaction during childbirth has several factors. As the most important factor of satisfaction during childbirth, the informants mentioned enough information and the overall approach not only of the midwife but also of the entire medical staff in the maternity hospital. Other important factors of satisfaction during the birth, the informants mentioned the presence of a close person at the birth and the pleasant environment of the delivery rooms. From the results of the research survey, it was found that mothers are satisfied with the care of midwives. All the interviewees informed that they were satisfied with their midwife during the birth. This work points out that it is important for the midwife to be friendly, kind and empathetic to the mother, because the midwife's approach is one of the most important aspects of satisfaction for the mother during childbirth. The results of the work can be used to improve and enhance the care of midwives, as well as for future midwives who acquire professional qualifications and are preparing for this profession. The results will be published at professional conferences for midwives and the results will also be presented to the maternity hospital in which the informants gave birth.
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A Birth House as a Compromise between Childbirth at Home or at Hospital
DVOŘÁČKOVÁ, Viktorie
This work is devoted to the topic of birth houses. The work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the choice of the place where to give birth. There is described the hospital birth (and its related birth plan) and home birth. The issue of birth centers is described in detail both in the world and in the Czech Republic. Another topic is birth itself and its possible alternatives. The theoretical part is closed by the definition and position of a midwife. The work intended to map the interest of Czech women in giving birth in the birth center. Four hypotheses were set for the goal. H1: University-educated women are more interested in giving birth in the birth center than women with lower education. H2: Women with a bad experience with giving birth in the hospital are more interested in giving birth in the birth center than women with a good experience. H3: Women who gave birth in hospitals are more interested in giving birth in the birth center than women who gave birth at home. H4: Women who have already given birth are more interested in giving birth in a birth center than women who have not given birth. The set goal was achieved by a quantitative research survey in the form of a questionnaire of own design. The questionnaires were evaluated by using a statistical chi-square test, which determined the significance or insignificance of the results. The research group consisted of 981 women active on the social network Facebook and various web servers related to pregnancy. The research showed, that university educated women show a higher interest in giving birth in the birth center than women with lower education. We also found, that women who have been dissatisfied with hospital care are more interested in birth centers than women who report having a good experience. We also wanted to find out whether the place of the previous birth influences the interest of women in giving birth in the birth center. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. The result is influenced by the small number of respondents who experience a home birth. The last hypothesis was related to whether women who have already given birth are more interested in giving birth in the birth center. It turned out that women´s opinions on childbirth in the birth center do not differ depending on whether the woman has already given birth or not. The research survey showed that 59,2 % (answers yes or rather yes) of women are interested in giving birth in a birth center. We can therefore assume that part of the women would like such a facility to exist in the Czech republic.
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Childbirth in the home environment
Kortánová, Denisa ; Šmatláková, Lenka (advisor) ; Šimůnková, Jana (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis Childbirth in the home environment deals with births outside a health care facility. The theoretical part describes the birth as such, including the different variants of preparation, through the different birth times and the people who can accompany the woman to the birth. Subsequently, the bachelor thesis discusses obstetric care in a health care facility and at home, the individual experiences of women in this issue, and the advantages, disadvantages, and possible complications of home and maternity care. At the end of the theoretical part of the thesis, it mentions some legislative information and, last but not least, provides information on the differences in obstetric care in different countries. At the end of the theoretical part, selected studies and statistics on similar topics are mentioned for completeness. The main aim of the thesis was to find out why women prefer home births to hospital births and whether they are aware of the possible risks. For the practical part of the thesis, I designed two questionnaires which were distributed through social networking sites to suitable respondents. Keywords: birth, homebirth, natural childbirth, alternative birth, complications during parturition, midwife
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Perinatal Phase of Ontogenesis - Variability and Complications
Netušilová, Nikola ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals mainly with obstetric complications, with a part dedicated to the so- called cephalopelvic disproportion. The theoretical part of the thesis gives the reader a comprehensive overview of childbirth and its course. In the introduction, childbirth is defined in general terms, followed by a description of the different components of childbirth, and then a description of the time of delivery. Finally, the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the cephalopelvic disproportion. The anatomy of the pelvis and fetal head is mentioned in relation to this complication. Furthermore, the major risk factors that usually condition the development of this disproportion are described. The practical part is carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Based on the questionnaire, the most common risk factors were identified, the possible occurrence of cephalopelvic disproportion was mapped and it was also investigated whether the participants are sufficiently informed about the possible occurrence of this complication. Adequate information is very important in the context of obstetric complications. Basic information and diagnoses are necessary to ensure that the woman is advised to have a birth that does not endanger herself or her foetus. It is clear from the survey results...
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Animal Models of Intrauterine Infections
Schuma, Marek ; Šplíchalová, Alla (advisor) ; Seifertová, Eva (referee)
In mammals, embryonic and fetal development takes place in the mother's uterus under sterile conditions. The embryo, and later the fetus, is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord and floats in amniotic fluid in the amniotic cavity lined by the amniotic membrane. Preterm birth is associated with decreased weight of newborns and increased morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine infections are one of the leading causes of preterm delivery. Various etiological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, yeasts and protozoa, can cause these infections. These infections induce expression of inflammatory mediators, which participate in triggering of preterm birth. One of these mediators are cytokines. The bachelor thesis is based on a literature review dealing with animal models of prenatal infections, which are exploited in the study of regulatory mechanisms of preterm births or eventually in the study of experimental manipulation of these mechanisms. Various infectious agents and their parts, such as LPS, and the routes of administration are compared. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models are discussed with respect to the type of placentation, duration of gestation, animal weight and litter size. The thesis contains the section dealing with experience with a pig model...
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Anthropological perception of current home births without medical assistance.
Drabantová, Lucia ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koudelová, Jana (referee)
The study discusses the current home births in developed countries. Introduction deals with the emergence of a model of human birth in the background of evolutionary mechanisms and the resulting biological risks, which are illustrated by data on maternal and neonatal mortality. Home births are understood in the complex scale, and so formation of current model of obstetrics in selected countries is shown in historical background. It brings most common image of women and the circumstances that lead to the choice of home birth. The study focuses on the comparison of home and hospital births due to the occurrence of undesirable health complications. As this comparison showed the results that births are largely influenced by medical interventions carried out, frequency of these procedures is also compared. Higher occurrence of interventions in hospital births can be partly explained by changes in the demographic profile of mother, which increases the risks associated with childbirth at home. Data processed in the study suggest that today's home births require extensive implementation of system changes, and therefore the home birth as a safe alternative is not recommended. It also doesn't consider hospital births appropriate in terms of excessive interventions, rather a compromise in the form of home birthing...
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